Course Content

The course begins with an introduction to Bhartruhari, focusing on his life, philosophical background, and major literary works. Students will learn about the Śatakatrayam, the three celebrated collections of verses known as the Nīti, Śṛṅgāra, and Vairāgya Śatakas, which together reflect Bhartruhari’s moral, emotional, and spiritual insights.

The study then moves to selected verses from the Nītiśataka. Through these ślokas, students explore important ethical themes such as wisdom and folly, virtue and vice, honour, courage, and heroism. Further topics include reflections on wealth, destiny, action, benevolence, and patience, revealing Bhartruhari’s deep understanding of human behaviour and moral values.

Later sections of the course highlight themes of love and renunciation, presenting Bhartruhari’s balanced view of worldly life and spiritual detachment. Attention is also given to the poetic and aesthetic qualities of his writings, examining his use of language, imagery, and moral expression.

In the final part of the course, students engage in the recitation and memorization of selected ślokas, along with group discussions and critical reflections. These activities aim to develop both appreciation and understanding of Bhartruhari’s lasting contribution to Sanskrit literature and Indian philosophical thought.